{"id":1053,"date":"2023-03-09T08:30:22","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T08:30:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/?page_id=1053"},"modified":"2023-03-09T08:45:49","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T08:45:49","slug":"stadion","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/antik-yapilar\/stadion\/","title":{"rendered":"Stadion"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kentin g\u00fcney surlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde, iki yuvarlak kule ile desteklenen bir kent kap\u0131s\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. Kentin g\u00fcneyinden, \u00f6zellikle Kyme y\u00f6n\u00fcnden gelenlerin kente giri\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kap\u0131 \u00f6zenli i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi ve boyutu ile di\u011fer kent kap\u0131lar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kap\u0131dan itibaren kentin bat\u0131 teras\u0131ndaki kamu yap\u0131lar\u0131na (Tiyatro, Gymnasion, Gymnasion Hamam\u0131 vb.) kadar ula\u015fan ta\u015f d\u00f6\u015feli yol yakla\u015f\u0131k 432 m uzunlu\u011fundad\u0131r. G\u00fcney Kap\u0131\u2019dan kente do\u011fru uzanan yolun 220. m\u2019sinde, yolun solunda geni\u015f bir d\u00fczl\u00fck dikkati \u00e7eker. Bat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan muazzam bir destek duvar\u0131 ile desteklenen d\u00fczle\u015ftirilmi\u015f alan 225 m uzunlu\u011funda ve 20 m geni\u015fli\u011findedir. Alman meslekta\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z, 1886 y\u0131l\u0131nda kentte yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu d\u00fcz alan\u0131 Stadion olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arazinin e\u011fimli yap\u0131s\u0131 oturma s\u0131ralar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Alanda herhangi bir ta\u015f oturma s\u0131ras\u0131na ait iz g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan oturma s\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131n ah\u015fap olabilece\u011fi ihtimalini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kentte bir stadion olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair en \u00f6nemli kan\u0131t Agora Binas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n meydana yak\u0131n enkaz\u0131 i\u00e7inde ele ge\u00e7en yaz\u0131tlard\u0131r. Yedi adet ar\u015fitrav blo\u011fu \u00fczerinde yer alan yaz\u0131tlar kentte d\u00fczenlenen gladyat\u00f6r oyunlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgiler sunmaktad\u0131r. Tek sat\u0131rl\u0131 bir onurland\u0131rma yaz\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u00e7er\u00e7evelerin i\u00e7inde, bir kiri\u015f \u00fczerinde, iki\u015fer tane k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yan yaz\u0131t bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ana yaz\u0131ttaki harflerin y\u00fckseklikleri 0,07 m, yan yaz\u0131tlardaki harflerin y\u00fckseklikleri ise 0.04 m\u2019dir. Ana yaz\u0131tta: \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03a3[\u03b5]|\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6[\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1]|\u1f76 \u1f08\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9 | [\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u1ff3 | \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff7\u03b4\u03ac\u03bc\u1ff3 | [{\u1f41 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6} \u2014 \u2014 \u2014]|\u03c2 \u1f00\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae|\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10[\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5?] yazmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yaz\u0131tlarda farkl\u0131 tipteki gladyat\u00f6rlerin listesi ve kazand\u0131klar\u0131 zafer say\u0131lar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Yaz\u0131ttan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere bir yap\u0131n\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, g\u00f6steri\u015fli t\u00f6renlerle birlikte, \u00fc\u00e7 kez gladyat\u00f6r d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fleri, d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Oyunlarda \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve k\u00f6le gladyat\u00f6rler d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(a, 1. Sat\u0131r) Herophilos, Sava\u015f Arabas\u0131 S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc-Gladyat\u00f6r(essedarius), \u00f6zg\u00fcr, d\u00f6rt kez zafer kazand\u0131.
(a, 2. Sat\u0131r) Skaplas, Sava\u015f Arabas\u0131 S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc-Gladyat\u00f6r, k\u00f6le, be\u015f kez zafer kazand\u0131.
(b, 1. Sat\u0131r) Eros, Murmillo-Gladyat\u00f6r (murmillo), \u00f6zg\u00fcr, on sekiz kez zafer kazand\u0131.
(b, 2. Sat\u0131r) Klados, Thraex-Gladyat\u00f6r (Thraex), k\u00f6le, zafer kazand\u0131\u2026.x (11-19 aras\u0131nda) kez.
(c, 1. Sat\u0131r) Hierokles, Sava\u015f Arabas\u0131 S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc-Gladyat\u00f6r, \u00f6zg\u00fcr, on iki kez zafer kazand\u0131.
(c, 2. Sat\u0131r) Bakkhios, Sava\u015f Arabas\u0131 S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc-Gladyat\u00f6r, \u00f6zg\u00fcr, on alt\u0131 kez zafer kazand\u0131.
(c) \u0130sim. . ., dokuz kez zafer kazand\u0131.
(e, 1. Sat\u0131r) Okys, A\u011f D\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc (retiarius), k\u00f6le, on bir kez zafer kazand\u0131.
(e, 2. Sat\u0131r) Beithys, Murmillo-Gladyat\u00f6r, k\u00f6le, be\u015f kez zafer kazand\u0131.
(f) Antiokhos, Tekerlekli Araba S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc-Gladyat\u00f6r, \u00f6zg\u00fcr, yedi kez zafer kazand\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131ttaki gladyat\u00f6r s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131ndan essedarius dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Bu ismin Keltler\u2019in sava\u015f arabas\u0131 olan essedum\u2019dan geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Essedarius\u2019a ili\u015fkin \u00e7ok fazla tasvir bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in nas\u0131l d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri konusu biraz tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re essedarius d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fleri i\u00e7in sava\u015f arabas\u0131na gerek yoktur. Fakat genel olarak, en az\u0131ndan sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda g\u00f6steri ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 kabul edilmektedir. Baz\u0131 gladyat\u00f6r oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n tiyatrolarda d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi bilinmektedir. Fakat essedarius i\u00e7in bu s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle kentte y\u00fcksek olas\u0131l\u0131kla bir stadion bulunmaktayd\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

R. Bohn ve C. Schuchardt bu vak\u0131f ve onurland\u0131rma yaz\u0131t\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir imparatorun ad\u0131 an\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bu sebeple de olu\u015fum tarihinin tespiti tam olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir demektedir. Devam\u0131nda, oyunlar\u0131n \u0130mparator Tiberius D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde meydana gelen deprem sonras\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck yap\u0131 projelerinin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi ile ili\u015fkili olabilece\u011fini fakat bu kadar erken bir d\u00f6nemde Anadolu\u2019da gladyat\u00f6r oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesinin pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerler. Bununla birlikte yukar\u0131da listelenen oyunlar\u0131n Erken \u0130mparatorluk D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde yayg\u0131n olmas\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak bir tarihleme yapmak olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu boyutta Gladyat\u00f6r oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekten de \u00f6nemli bir olay meydana gelmeliydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kentte ele ge\u00e7en ve Tiberius\u2019un 17 Depremi ard\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131mlar nedeniyle onurland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren benzer ar\u015fitrav bloklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki yaz\u0131tlar Yukar\u0131 Agora\u2019ya \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir noktada tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Tiberius\u2019un onurland\u0131rma yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 ile gladiator oyunlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin yaz\u0131tlar ayn\u0131 tipteki ar\u015fitrav bloklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durmaktad\u0131r. Her iki gruptaki tam olarak korunmu\u015f \u00f6rnekler, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da uyu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Uzunluklar\u0131 2,55 m y\u00fckseklikleri ise 0,26 m\u2019dir. Bu nedenle Tiberius\u2019un onurland\u0131rma yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 ile gladiator oyunlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin yaz\u0131tlar \u00e7a\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r ve Yukar\u0131 Agora\u2019n\u0131n stolar\u0131ndan birisi, ya da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iki stoada duruyor olmal\u0131yd\u0131lar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kentin g\u00fcney surlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde, iki yuvarlak kule ile desteklenen bir kent kap\u0131s\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. Kentin g\u00fcneyinden, \u00f6zellikle Kyme y\u00f6n\u00fcnden gelenlerin kente giri\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kap\u0131 \u00f6zenli i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi ve boyutu ile di\u011fer kent kap\u0131lar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kap\u0131dan itibaren kentin bat\u0131 teras\u0131ndaki kamu yap\u0131lar\u0131na (Tiyatro, Gymnasion, Gymnasion Hamam\u0131 vb.) kadar ula\u015fan ta\u015f d\u00f6\u015feli yol yakla\u015f\u0131k 432 m uzunlu\u011fundad\u0131r. G\u00fcney […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":108,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1053","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1053"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1053\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1055,"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1053\/revisions\/1055"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}