{"id":302,"date":"2023-02-21T08:25:47","date_gmt":"2023-02-21T08:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/?page_id=302"},"modified":"2023-03-08T06:51:34","modified_gmt":"2023-03-08T06:51:34","slug":"aigai-adinin-anlami-ve-kent-ekonomisi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/tarihce\/aigai-adinin-anlami-ve-kent-ekonomisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Aigai Ad\u0131n\u0131n Anlam\u0131 ve Kent Ekonomisi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Kentin ad\u0131 Herodotos\u2019ta Aigaiai (I.149), Polybius\u2019ta Aigaieon (<em>His<\/em>. XXXIII.13) Tacitus\u2019ta Aegaeates (Tac.<em>Ann<\/em>. II.47),<strong><\/strong>Plinius\u2019ta Aegaeae (<em>Nat.His.<\/em>, V.32), kentin bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 sikkelerde ise, Aigeaion, Aigaion ve Aigeon olarak ge\u00e7mektedir. Kentin ad\u0131n\u0131 anan di\u011fer antik yazarlardan Strabon (XIII.3.5), Pseudo Skylaks (98) ve Plinius (<em>Nat.His.<\/em>, V.121), bu yerle\u015fimin deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda de\u011fil, i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mda ve da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgede oldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Aigai ad\u0131 eski Yunancada ke\u00e7i anlam\u0131na gelen \u201c\u03b1\u03af\u03b3\u03b1\u201d kelimesinden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Antik kentler, bast\u0131klar\u0131 sikkelerinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde genellikle kenti sembolize eden bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kent ekonomisi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc tasvir etmektedirler. Aigai kentinin bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 bronz sikkelerde de s\u0131kl\u0131kla ke\u00e7i tasviri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zaten Aigai ismi de \u201cke\u00e7iler\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bu durumlara ek olarak, antik d\u00f6nemden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgelerde de hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve hayvansal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin i\u015flendi\u011fi sanayi kollar\u0131n\u0131n Aigai ekonomisinde \u00f6nemli bir yeri oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. Engebeli ve kayal\u0131k co\u011frafyadaki az ve verimsiz meralar, \u00f6zellikle ke\u00e7i yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi i\u00e7in daha elveri\u015fli bir ortam sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, tar\u0131ma uygun arazi ise neredeyse yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu co\u011frafi \u00f6zellikler Aigail\u0131lar\u0131n temel ekonomik faaliyetinin hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k olmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcm bu bilgiler ve arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, Aigai\u2019\u0131n ekonomisinin M\u00d6 8. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki kurulu\u015fundan itibaren hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fkuya yer b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Aigai, Hellenistik D\u00f6nem\u2019de (M\u00d6 330-30) Seleukos ve Pergamon krall\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kont\u00f6rl\u00fc alt\u0131nda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu d\u00f6neme ait bir yaz\u0131tta, Seleukos krall\u0131k hazinesine hangi varl\u0131klardan y\u00fczde olarak ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde vergi al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131na dair bilgiler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Vergi al\u0131nan \u00fcr\u00fcnler aras\u0131nda meyve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131, koyun ve ke\u00e7iler (kuzu ve o\u011flaklar vergi d\u0131\u015f\u0131), ayr\u0131ca ar\u0131 kovanlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Bunlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda domuz ve geyik gibi av hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n birer bacaklar\u0131 vergi olarak kraliyet hazinesine verilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Temel ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, \u00f6zellikle de ke\u00e7i yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi olan Aigai, hayvansal hammaddeleri i\u015fleyerek \u00fcretti\u011fi deri, dokuma ve kemik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ticaretinde de s\u00f6z sahibi olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lgenin en \u00f6nemli devletlerinden olan Pergamon Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri, ba\u015fkenti Pergamon\u2019daki (Bergama) \u00fcnl\u00fc k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bulunan kitaplar\u0131n i\u00e7erdi\u011fi bilgilerdir. Di\u011fer bir ba\u015fkent olan Aleksandreia (\u0130skenderiye, M\u0131s\u0131r), kendi k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybetmesini istemedi\u011finden, Pergamon\u2019un o d\u00f6nemde k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t olarak kullan\u0131lan papir\u00fcs bitkisine ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemi\u015ftir. Bunun \u00fczerine Pergamonlular deriden \u00fcretilen par\u015f\u00f6meni k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t olarak kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Par\u015f\u00f6menin mucidi olarak an\u0131lan Pergamonlular, par\u015f\u00f6meni, ya da en az\u0131ndan hammaddesi olan deriyi, Aigai\u2019dan sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Aigai\u2019da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00f6r\u00fclen an\u0131tsal yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Hellenistik D\u00f6nem\u2019e aittir. Kentin en \u00f6nemli yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan Agora Binas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6n cephesi \u00fc\u00e7 kat y\u00fcksekli\u011finde ve 80 m uzunlu\u011fundad\u0131r. Ziyaret\u00e7ilerini heybetiyle etkileyen Agora Binas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iki yan\u0131nda iki adet Agora (meydan) bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu meydanlar hem kent meydan\u0131 hem de pazar yeri i\u015flevi g\u00f6rmektedir. Agoralar ve Agora Binas\u0131 kentin hem ticaretinin hem de sosyal hayat\u0131n\u0131n merkezidir. Bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7evresinde ticaret y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekte, \u00fcr\u00fcnler depolanmakta ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kalitesi ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerin standarda uygunlu\u011fu burada kontrol edilmektedir. Agora Binas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en alt kat\u0131nda d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar, orta kat\u0131nda depolar, \u00fcst kat\u0131nda ise sosyal hayat\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir g\u00f6lgelik olan stoa bulunmaktad\u0131r. Agora Binas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hemen \u00f6n\u00fcnde yer A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Agora\u2019da yer alan yuvarlak planl\u0131 yap\u0131 antik d\u00f6nemde Et-Bal\u0131k Pazar\u0131 (<em>Macellum<\/em>) olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada muhtemelen ke\u00e7i eti ve kentin hemen bat\u0131s\u0131nda akan Koca\u00e7ay\u2019da (antik&nbsp;<em>Pythikos<\/em>) yakalanan y\u0131lan bal\u0131klar\u0131 sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Aigai Kent Meclisi\u2019nde (<em>Bouleuterion<\/em>) ele ge\u00e7en bir yaz\u0131t, Anadolu\u2019nun Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun topraklar\u0131na d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde, Aigai halk\u0131n\u0131n Roma \u0130mparatoru\u2019na el\u00e7i g\u00f6ndererek ke\u00e7i derisinden al\u0131nan verginin sabitlenmesini istediklerini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu diplomatik hamle, Aigai gibi bir ta\u015fra kenti i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a c\u00fcretk\u00e2rd\u0131r. Bu durum da kentin en \u00f6nemli gelir kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ke\u00e7i ve bununla ili\u015fkili olarak ke\u00e7i derisi oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Roma D\u00f6nemi\u2019ne ait kaz\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en \u00f6nemli alanlardan birisi, kaz\u0131 ekibi taraf\u0131ndan \u201cAda 1\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ve MS 3. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen bir Sanayi Mahallesi\u2019dir. Sanayi Mahallesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 950 m2 geni\u015fli\u011fiyle o d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in az\u0131msanmayacak boyutlardad\u0131r. Sanayi Mahallesi, antik d\u00f6nem ekonomisi ve end\u00fcstriyel \u00fcretimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bilgiler sunmaktad\u0131r. Arkeolojik veriler Sanayi Mahallesi\u2019nde birden \u00e7ok \u00fcretim kolunun faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00fcretim kollar\u0131 genellikle hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla elde edilen hammaddelerin i\u015flenmesine y\u00f6neliktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Kaz\u0131larda ele ge\u00e7en dokuma tezg\u00e2h\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 ve boya hammaddeleri, dokumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Aigai i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir \u00fcretim kolu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Sanayi Mahallesi\u2019ndeki umumi bir tuvaletteki (<em>latrina<\/em>) k\u0131r\u0131k amphoralar\u0131n (testi) diplerinden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f pisuvarlarda biriken idrar, mek\u00e2n\u0131n k\u00f6\u015fesinde bulunan b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e bir k\u00fcp (<em>pithos<\/em>) i\u00e7erisinde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ta\u015ftan tuvalet oturaklar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki kanal\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 ise bir foseptik \u00e7ukuruna y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015ftir. End\u00fcstriyel kimyasallar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze oranla \u00e7ok daha k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011fu antik d\u00f6nemde, tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde y\u00fcn temizli\u011fi i\u00e7in idrar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dericilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ise deri tabaklaman\u0131n farkl\u0131 a\u015famalar\u0131nda idrar ve d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Deri tabaklarken kullan\u0131lan bir di\u011fer madde olan kirecin \u00fcretilmesi i\u00e7in yak\u0131lmay\u0131 bekleyen \u00e7ok miktarda mermer par\u00e7as\u0131 da Sanayi Mahallesi\u2019ndeki kaz\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda ele ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Kaz\u0131larda bulunan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerdeki \u00e7ok say\u0131da el de\u011firmenleri ve havanlar un \u00fcretiminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle b\u00f6lgenin do\u011fal bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunan me\u015felerin deri tabaklamada kullan\u0131lan palamutlar\u0131n\u0131 ve boya hammaddelerini \u00f6\u011f\u00fctmede kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Aigai Sanayi Mahallesi\u2019ndeki di\u011fer bir \u00fcretim kolu, gene hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ile ili\u015fkili olan kemik i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fidir. \u0130\u015flevini yitirip \u00e7\u00f6p \u00e7ukuruna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen bir sarn\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde ele ge\u00e7en i\u015flenmi\u015f ve yar\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f kemik objeler ile \u00fcretim art\u0131klar\u0131 bu faaliyeti y\u00fcr\u00fcten bir grup zanaatk\u00e2r\u0131n izi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ada 1\u2019in (Sanayi Mahallesi) hemen yan\u0131ndaki Demirkap\u0131 Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc\u2019nde ise antik d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli ticari \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden olan \u015farap ve zeytinya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimi ve nakliyesinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ezme donan\u0131mlar\u0131, havuzlar, k\u00fcpler ve amphoralar tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Sanayi Mahallesi\u2019ndeki bir mek\u00e2n, \u00f6zenli i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi ile di\u011ferlerinden ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu mek\u00e2n\u0131n iki kenar\u0131nda, ziyaret\u00e7ilerin oturmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f oturma s\u0131ralar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Mozaiklerle ve mermer kaplamalarla s\u00fcslendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan bu mek\u00e2n\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde sat\u0131\u015f ve pazarlama faaliyetlerinden kalan buluntular ele ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca yollar\u0131n, t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n ve yolcular\u0131n koruyucu tanr\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan Hermes\u2019e ait mermer bir b\u00fcst bulunmu\u015ftur. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu bilgiler, buradaki mek\u00e2n\u0131n Sanayi Mahallesi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 bir te\u015fhir ve sat\u0131\u015f salonu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. Sanayi Mahallesi\u2019nde bulunan MS 3. y\u00fczy\u0131l yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki tabakalarda M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda i\u015fletildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan bir demirci at\u00f6lyesine ait kal\u0131nt\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ke\u015fif, Aigai Sanayi Mahallesi\u2019nin as\u0131rlarca s\u00fcren bir gelene\u011fe sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Aigai Sanayi Mahallesi\u2019ndeki mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 MS 3. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan sonra duvar \u00f6r\u00fclerek kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve burada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar de\u011ferli mallar\u0131 ile ta\u015f\u0131nabilir \u00fcretim donan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 alarak Sanayi Mahallesi\u2019ni terk etmi\u015flerdir. Bu tarihte, Aigail\u0131lar\u0131n aniden geli\u015fen bir tehlike sebebiyle kentten ka\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu tarihler, Avrupa\u2019dan gelen Gotlar\u0131n Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019daki kentleri talan ettikleri d\u00f6neme denk gelmektedir. Anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, Aigail\u0131lar Gotlardan ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015flar, ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fclerini bu sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 halklardan kurtaramam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. En \u00f6nemli sermayesi ve hammadde kayna\u011f\u0131 olan hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fclerini kaybeden kent bir daha eski g\u00f6rkemli g\u00fcnlerine kavu\u015famam\u0131\u015f ve uzun bir s\u00fcre bo\u015f kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aigai\u2019da ancak MS 10.-13. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda bir Bizans istihk\u00e2m\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan o da tamamen terkedilmi\u015ftir. Eskiden Aigail\u0131lar\u0131n ke\u00e7ilerinin otlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 arazide s\u00fcr\u00fclerini otlatmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olan Y\u00f6r\u00fck T\u00fcrkmenler Yuntda\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki k\u00f6ylerini kurana kadar da b\u00f6lgede yerle\u015fim son bulmu\u015ftur.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kentin ad\u0131 Herodotos\u2019ta Aigaiai (I.149), Polybius\u2019ta Aigaieon (His. XXXIII.13) Tacitus\u2019ta Aegaeates (Tac.Ann. II.47),Plinius\u2019ta Aegaeae (Nat.His., V.32), kentin bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 sikkelerde ise, Aigeaion, Aigaion ve Aigeon olarak ge\u00e7mektedir. Kentin ad\u0131n\u0131 anan di\u011fer antik yazarlardan Strabon (XIII.3.5), Pseudo Skylaks (98) ve Plinius (Nat.His., V.121), bu yerle\u015fimin deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda de\u011fil, i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mda ve da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgede oldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Aigai ad\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":12,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-302","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=302"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/302\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":968,"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/302\/revisions\/968"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aigai.info\/wp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}